Originally Khokhloma wood tableware were produced in monasteries and for the czar court only.
At that time Khokhloma tableware production was not large scale. It was because of expensive imported tin.
In 1720s after the end of the North War tin flow to Russian increased. The price went down and the material came
within reach of many masters. The production and the sales of brightly painted hand made art works
expanded.
Thus in the XIX century items with khokhloma painting were famous not only in Russia but in Persia, India,
Middle East, the USA and Australia as well. The export of khokhloma items grew after the worldwide exhibition
in 1889 in Paris.
In 1916 Nizhegorodskoye Zemstvo established the first School for Wood-Working Arts and Crafts in Semyonov.
The folk arts and folklore flourished in Volga region near Nizhny Novgorod province. No other territory in Russia
could equal it in the number and originality of the folk arts and crafts that had sprang to life and were developed
in the local communities. The Khokhloma art painting on wooden tableware is the type of Nizhny Novgorod
folk art craft that became most popular in Russia and foreign countries.
The “grass-leaves” decorative ornaments and their peculiar color scheme suggest that the Khokhloma art is rooted
in the ancient Russian decorative culture while the imitation of gilt ornaments on wood dates back to the medieval
Russian handicraft skills. The painting technique has been somewhat upgraded but remains essentially the same
as in the ancient time.
Khokhloma russian painting amazes you with its delicate grass pattern and festive coloring, which is based
on combination of scarlet cinnabar and flittering gold against the black lacquer background. This is Khokhloma
specific feature. Masters used tin powder and lacquer to obtain such gold color. Now they use aluminum powder.
First, the art tableware are shaped on a lathe from the dried lime wood, which are turned into
bowls, vases, mugs, dishes and spoons.
They are dried and covered with red and brown primer, so that they start looking like earthen. The unpainted
articles are now coated with drying oil. Next they are polished with powdered aluminium. They become dull
shining, like silver, and go to the painting division. Painted articles are then varnished and hardened in ovens
at the temperature of 120-130 degrees. The heat turns the varnish yellow, the “silver” into “gold” and mellows
the vivid design with an even, golden tone.
The Khokhloma dishes, cups and wooden drink pots were used for serving food at holiday feasts. The wooden
tableware using at the Moscow house of an important statesman had to look valuable; accordingly, they were
modeled on the rich painted plates decorated with real golden fabricated by the jewelers for the luxurious homes
of the Russian nobility. Thanks to the special varnish and high-temperature processing they are quite practical
and safe in use. You can drink and eat using these Khokhloma tableware, because such wares not
sensitive to cold and hot, salty and sour food.
Apart from Khokhloma wood presents of tableware most visitors to Russia
will have at least one set of Matrioshka dolls in their luggage. These dolls within dolls have long been a source
of fascination. The undoing of the main doll to reveal others almost ad-in-finitem has always produced wonderment
and appreciation for the woodcrafts art.
Examples of beautiful Khokhloma wood art gifts, Paleh and Mstera varnished miniatures
folk tradition over 300 years ago is still thriving and remains basically true to it’s roots, albeit on a more organized scale.
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